Also, this one isn't new, but most tarantula spiders' abdominal hair is jagged and hard as optic fiber, so it causes major skin and mucous membrane irritation, and when they feel threatened, they rip it out using their hind legs, causing it to fly everywhere.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cPxqjSG6HU
Now, Yamame's dress resembles the coloring characteristic to species of Argiope family (Argiope Amoena seems like a probable candidate), which don't have such ability, however, if being a tsuchigumo isn't tied to a particular species of spiders, it's quite possible there are tsuchigumo girls in existence, which can inflict venereal/general dermatological diseases by flicking their pubic hair at people.